Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin lived in France while the U.S. was fighting for its independence from Britain. He, with others such as John Adams and Silas Deane, was charged with representing the United States in France. For a nice book about his work and life there, see Schoenbrun's book.There is a statue of Franklin at the Yorktown Square:
1706-1790
CE GENIE QUI AFFRANCHIT L'AMERIQUE ET VERSA SUR L'EUROPE DES TORRENT DE LUMIERE. LE SAGE QUE DEUX MONDES RECLAMENT.
Rue Franklin, which ends at Yorktown Square, was so-named in 1791 (according to Hillairet).
I found the image below at the US National Archives, but I can't seem to find out who the other people in the picture are. If you know, please let me know!
This image was obtained at the US National Archives. Their caption: Benjamin Franklin at the Court of France. Painting by Hobens. 66-G-I5B-5.
And at least according to the cafe itself, Franklin used to frequent the Cafe Procope, which is just off the Odeon Place.
This says, roughly: 'HISTORY OF PARIS - The salons of Auteuil - At 59 Auteuil street, in a house surrounded by a pretty garden, bought in 1772 from the pastel painter Quentin de la Tour, Mrs. Helvétius, widow of the philosopher, held until her death in 1800 a famous salon where the grand spirts of the century of lights liked to find themselves: Malesherbes, Turgot, d'Alembert, Condorcet. She who her friend Benjamin Franklin called "Our Lady of Auteuil" escaped the guillotine thanks to her immense generosite. She declined Franklin's marriage proposal - she was 65 and he was 80 - but he wrote her from American in 1785: "whenever I transport myself to France in my dreams, it's first to Auteuil that I go". In 1773, she became, happily along with the witty Madame de Boufflers, after a long liaison with the prince de Conti, owner of the immense property facing here, where the famous slaon du Temple met regularly, seduced by the beautiful English Parc, of which the "Villa Montmorency" is the only remaining vestige '
It seems that the building now at 59, rue d'Auteuil is not the same as that during Franklin's stay in Paris...
Here is a letter from Franklin to Madame Helvetius, apparently just after she has told him she will never marry him:
The Elysian Fields
M. FRANKLIN TO MADAME HELVETIUS
Vexed by your barbarous resolution, announced so positively last evening, to remain single all your life in respect to your dear husband, I went home, fell on my bed, and, believing myself dead, found myself in the Elysian Fields.
I was asked if I desired to see anybody in particular. Lead me to the home of the philosophers. -- There are two who live nearby in the garden: they are very good neighbors, and close friends of each other. -- Who are they? -- Socrates and H ------ . -- I esteem them both prodigiously; but let me see first H ------ , because I understand a little French, but not one word of Greek. He received me with great courtesy, having known me for some time, he said, by the reputation I had there. He asked me a thousand things about the war, and about the present state of religion, liberty, and the government in France. -- You ask nothing then of your dear friend Madame H ------ ; nevertheless she still loves you excessively and I was at her place but an hour ago. Ah! said he, you make me remember my former felicity. -- But it is necessary to forget it in order to be happy here. During several of the early years, I thought only of her. Finally I am consoled. I have taken another wife. The most like her that I could find. She is not, it is true, so completely beautiful, but she has as much good sense, a little more of Spirit, and she loves me infinitely. Her continual study is to please me; and she has actually gone to hunt the best Nectar and the best Ambrosia in order to regale me this evening; remain with me and you will see her. I perceive, I said, that your old friend is more faithful than you: for several good offers have been made her, all of which she has refused. I confess to you that I myself have loved her to the point of distraction; but she was hard-hearted to my regard, and has absolutely rejected me for love of you. I pity you, he said, for your bad fortune; for truly she is a good and beautiful woman and very loveable. But the Abbee de la R ------ , and the Abbe M ------ , are they not still sometimes at her home? Yes, assuredly, for she has not lost a single one of your friends. If you had won over the Abbe M ------ (with coffee and cream) to speak for you, perhaps you would have succeeded; for he is a subtle logician like Duns Scotus or St. Thomas; he places his arguments in such good order that they become nearly irresistible. Also, if the Abbe de la R ----- had been bribed (by some beautiful edition of an old classic) to speak against you, that would have been better: for I have always observed, that when he advises something, she has a very strong penchant to do the reverse. -- At these words the new Madame H ------ entered with the Nectar: at which instant I recognized her to be Madame F ------ , my old American friend. I reclaimed to her. But she told me coldly, "I have been your good wife forty-nine years and four months, nearly a half century; be content with that. Here I have formed a new connection, which will endure to eternity."
Offended by this refusal of my Eurydice, I suddenly decided to leave these ungrateful spirits, to return to the good earth, to see again the sunshine and you. Here I am! Let us revenge ourselves.
It seems, however, that Madame Helvetius was not the only object of Franklin's ultimately unrequited affections:
Articles for a Treaty of Peace with Madame Brillon
Passy, July 27.
What a difference, my dear Friend, between you and me! -- You find my Faults so many as to be innumerable, while I can see but one in you; and perhaps that is the Fault of my Spectacles. -- The Fault I mean is that kind of Covetousness, by which you would engross all my Affection, and permit me none for the other amiable Ladies of your Country. You seem to imagine that it cannot be divided without being diminish'd: In which you mistake the nature of the Thing and forget the Situation in which you have plac'd and hold me. You renounce and exclude arbitrarily every thing corporal from our Amour, except such a merely civil Embrace now and then as you would permit to a country Cousin, -- what is there then remaining that I may not afford to others without a Diminution of what belongs to you? The Operations of the Mind, Esteem, Admiration, Respect, & even Affection for one Object, may be multiply'd as more Objects that merit them present themselves, and yet remain the same to the first, which therefore has no room to complain of Injury. They are in their Nature as divisible as the sweet Sounds of the Forte Piano produc'd by your exquisite Skill: Twenty People may receive the same Pleasure from them, without lessening that which you kindly intend for me; and I might as reasonably require of your Friendship, that they should reach and delight no Ears but mine.
You see by this time how unjust you are in your Demands, and in the open War you declare against me if I do not comply with them. Indeed it is I that have the most Reason to complain. My poor little Boy, whom you ought methinks to have cherish'd, instead of being fat and Jolly like those in your elegant Drawings, is meagre and starv'd almost to death for want of the substantial Nourishment which you his Mother inhumanly deny him, and yet would now clip his little Wings to prevent his seeking it elsewhere! --
I fancy we shall neither of us get any thing by this War, and therefore as feeling my self the Weakest, I will do what indeed ought always to be done by the Wisest, be first in making the Propositions for Peace. That a Peace may be lasting, the Articles of the Treaty should be regulated upon the Principles of the most perfect Equity & Reciprocity. In this View I have drawn up & offer the following, viz. --
ARTICLE 1.
There shall be eternal Peace, Friendship & Love,
between Madame B. and Mr F.
ARTICLE 2.
In order to maintain the same inviolably, Made B. on
her Part stipulates and agrees, that Mr F. shall come to her
whenever she sends for him.
ART. 3.
That he shall stay with her as long as she pleases.
ART. 4.
That when he is with her, he shall be oblig'd to drink
Tea, play Chess, hear Musick; or do any other thing that she
requires of him.
ART. 5.
And that he shall love no other Woman but herself.
ART. 6.
And the said Mr F. on his part stipulates and agrees,
that he will go away from M. B.'s whenever he pleases.
ART. 7.
That he will stay away as long as he pleases.
ART. 8.
That when he is with her, he will do what he pleases.
ART. 9.
And that he will love any other Woman as far as he finds her amiable.
Let me know what you think of these Preliminaries. To me they seem to express the true Meaning and Intention of each Party more plainly than most Treaties. -- I shall insist pretty strongly on the eighth Article, tho' without much Hope of your Consent to it; and on the ninth also, tho I despair of ever finding any other Woman that I could love with equal Tenderness: being ever, my dear dear Friend, Yours most sincerely
1782
Unfortunately, the mansion where Franklin lived while in Paris is no longer there. A plaque marks the location at 62, rue Raynouard:
Under the ancient regime, this building had one of the most beautiful views from Passy, since in 1711 its owner bought the building across the street to demolish it and prevent any construction. It was the site, from 1736 to 1774, of gala balls given by the Countess de Valentinois, daughter-in-law of the prince of Monaco. Intimate of Madame du Barry, she hosted her libertine friends because "in Passy we amuse ourselves." From 1777 to 1785, Franklin, sent to solicit French aid during the war of independence of the United States, was the guest here of his friend The Ray de Chaumont. Today, the College St. Jean de Passy occupies part of the estate.
A terracotta portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Giovanni-Battista Nini at the Carnavalet Museum
Statue of Louis giving Franklin the treaty between the US and France of February 6, 1778. At the Carnevalet museum.
Portrait of Franklin by Joseph-Silfrède Duplessis at the Carnevalet museum.